Which address translation scheme would allow a single public IP address to always correspond to a single machine on an internal network, allowing "server publishing"?

Overloading PAT multiplexes many internal hosts through a single public IP using port differentiation and is designed for outbound many-to-one traffic, not stable inbound server publishing.

Dynamic PAT also uses port-based multiplexing and does not provide a consistent mapping that would allow external clients to reliably reach a specific internal server.

Dynamic NAT draws from a pool of public IPs and assigns them on demand, so a given internal host may receive a different public IP each session, breaking reliable server publishing.

Static Network Address Translation assigns a fixed, unchanging public IP address to a specific internal private IP address. Because the mapping is permanent and predictable, external clients can always reach the same internal server using the same public IP, which is the defining requirement for server publishing use cases such as hosting web, mail, or DNS servers.