Least privilege is a security concept that requires that a user is

The principle of least privilege mandates that each user, process, or system component be granted only the minimum access rights required to accomplish its legitimate tasks. This limits the potential damage from accidents, errors, or unauthorized use by reducing the attack surface. Restricting users to functions required for their role is the foundational definition of this principle.

Granting root or administrative privileges is the opposite of least privilege, as it provides far more access than most roles require.

Sole control over data by a single user does not reflect least privilege - it describes a lack of oversight and could enable insider threats.

Equalizing privileges across a department ignores individual role requirements and may grant users more access than their specific job functions demand.