312-50V11 · Question #502
XOR is a common cryptographic tool. 10110001 XOR 00111010 is?
The correct answer is D. 10001011. XOR (exclusive OR) produces a 1 only when the two input bits differ; applying it bit-by-bit to 10110001 and 00111010 yields 10001011.
Question
XOR is a common cryptographic tool. 10110001 XOR 00111010 is?
Options
- A10111100
- B11011000
- C10011101
- D10001011
How the community answered
(30 responses)- A3% (1)
- B10% (3)
- C3% (1)
- D83% (25)
Why each option
XOR (exclusive OR) produces a 1 only when the two input bits differ; applying it bit-by-bit to 10110001 and 00111010 yields 10001011.
10111100 (188 decimal) does not result from XORing 10110001 and 00111010; it reflects incorrect calculations in multiple bit positions.
11011000 (216 decimal) is not the XOR result of the two operands; XOR cannot produce a value larger than the bitwise OR of the inputs without carry logic, which XOR does not use.
10011101 (157 decimal) does not result from XORing 10110001 and 00111010; several bit positions have been computed incorrectly.
Performing XOR bit-by-bit on 10110001 and 00111010 gives: 1^0=1, 0^0=0, 1^1=0, 1^1=0, 0^1=1, 0^0=0, 0^1=1, 1^0=1, producing 10001011. XOR is fundamental to cryptography because it is perfectly reversible - XORing a ciphertext with the same key recovers the plaintext exactly - making it the core operation in stream ciphers and one-time pads.
Concept tested: Bitwise XOR operation applied to binary values
Source: https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/exclusive_or
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