An organization hires a tester to do a wireless penetration test. Previous reports indicate that the last test did not contain management or control packets in the submitted traces. Which of the follo

If the wireless card were completely off, no packets of any type would appear in the capture, not a selective absence of only management and control frames.

Incorrect or mismatched drivers would prevent Wireshark from accessing the adapter at all, not selectively filter out specific 802.11 frame categories while passing data frames through.

While promiscuous mode on Linux and Mac OS X does have limitations around 802.11 headers in some configurations, this choice describes only a subset of platforms and does not account for adapter-level restrictions, making D the broader and more accurate answer.

Certain OS and adapter combinations - particularly on Windows - will capture only data frames and omit 802.11 management and control frames even when the interface is in promiscuous mode, which explains why prior capture traces were missing those frame types. This is a well-documented hardware and driver-level limitation that affects which 802.11 frame categories are passed up to tools like Wireshark.