Which of the following is a restriction being enforced in "white box testing?"

Knowing only the internal operation without external context describes an incomplete scenario and does not match the definition of any standard testing type.

In white box testing, the tester has full visibility into the internal architecture, source code, logic, and structure of the system under test. This complete access allows the tester to design test cases that target specific code paths, branches, and internal components. It contrasts directly with black box testing where no internal knowledge is available.

Partial access to internal operations describes gray box testing, not white box testing.

Knowing only the external operation with no internal access is the definition of black box testing, not white box testing.