An engineer must achieve the highest level of location accuracy possible for a new mobile application. Which technology must be implemented for this use case?

TDoA measures the nanosecond-level difference in signal arrival times across multiple APs or hyperlocation-capable sensors to triangulate a client with sub-meter accuracy; in Cisco CMX and DNA Spaces deployments using Hyperlocation APs, TDoA consistently outperforms all other methods and is the recommended technology when maximum precision is required.

Bluetooth Low Energy uses proximity zones or RSSI-based ranging with typical accuracy of 1-3 meters, which is useful for coarse location but falls well short of the sub-meter precision achievable with TDoA.

RSS (Received Signal Strength) lateration is significantly degraded by multipath interference and environmental absorption, yielding typical accuracy of 3-10 meters - far below what TDoA achieves under the same conditions.

ToA (Time of Arrival) lateration requires precise time synchronization on both the transmitting client and the receiving infrastructure, making it impractical for standard mobile devices and generally less accurate than TDoA in real-world deployments.