Which of the following operating systems is most commonly used in embedded systems?

Chrome OS is primarily designed for web-centric personal computers (Chromebooks) and is not generally used for the diverse, resource-constrained environments of embedded systems.

macOS is a proprietary operating system from Apple, designed for its desktop and laptop computers, and is not used in embedded systems due to its licensing, resource requirements, and closed ecosystem.

While there are embedded versions of Windows (e.g., Windows IoT), the full Windows OS is generally too resource-intensive and less flexible than Linux for the vast majority of embedded applications.

Linux is widely adopted in embedded systems because of its open-source license, allowing for deep customization, its lightweight nature, and its robust community support, making it suitable for devices with limited resources. Many embedded Linux distributions are specifically tailored for IoT, industrial control, and consumer electronics.