Which five of the following options are components of the X.509 v3 certificate standard? (Choose five.)

Serial number is a mandatory X.509 v3 field that uniquely identifies each certificate within the issuing CA's scope.

User name is not a defined standalone field in the X.509 v3 structure - identity information is encoded within the Subject distinguished name using standardized attributes such as Common Name (CN).

Issuer is a mandatory X.509 v3 field that identifies the CA which signed and issued the certificate, forming part of the chain of trust.

Validity date range - composed of notBefore and notAfter subfields - is a mandatory X.509 v3 field that defines the window during which the certificate is considered valid.

Subject is a mandatory X.509 v3 field that identifies the entity (person, device, or service) to which the certificate is issued.

Subject public key info is a mandatory X.509 v3 field that contains the entity's public key and specifies the algorithm used with it.

Department name is not a standalone certificate field - organizational unit information may appear as an OU attribute inside the Subject DN but is not a separately defined top-level certificate component.