On a system using systemd-journald, which of the following commands add the message Howdy to the system log? (Choose two.)

Question

Options

• Aappend Howdy
• Blogger Howdy
• Csystemd-cat echo Howdy
• Decho Howdy > /dev/journal
• Ejournalctl add Howdy

• B
  10% (3)
• C
  3% (1)
• D
  7% (2)
• E
  79% (23)

Explanation

There appears to be an error in the provided answer key - E is actually incorrect, and the true correct answers are B and C.

logger Howdy (B) is a standard POSIX utility that writes directly to the system log; on systemd systems it routes to journald, making it the most portable choice for scripting log entries. systemd-cat echo Howdy (C) connects the stdout of a command to the journal, so the output of echo Howdy is captured and stored as a journal entry.

Why the distractors fail:

• A (append Howdy) - append is not a standard Linux command.
• D (echo Howdy > /dev/journal) - /dev/journal is not a writable device node; the journal accepts input through its socket, not a device file.
• E (journalctl add Howdy) - journalctl is a read/query tool for inspecting journal entries; it has no add subcommand and cannot write to the log.

Memory tip: Think of the two writers - logger (the classic syslog writer) and systemd-cat (the systemd-native pipe). journalctl is a reader, like a catalog browser - you look things up in a catalog, you don't add items to a store through it.

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