Which of the following volume implementation strategies protects data by writing the same information redundantly to two or more hard disks at the same time?

Parity uses a mathematical calculation distributed across disks (as in RAID 5 or RAID 6) to allow reconstruction of lost data, but it does not write the same raw data redundantly to every disk.

Striping (RAID 0) distributes data across multiple disks in segments to improve read/write performance, but it provides zero redundancy and actually increases the risk of total data loss.

Spanning (JBOD - Just a Bunch of Disks) concatenates multiple disks into a single logical volume to expand capacity, but writes data sequentially across disks without any duplication or redundancy.

Mirroring (RAID 1) duplicates every write operation across two or more disks in real time so that each disk holds a complete, identical copy of the data. If one disk fails, the mirror disk contains all data intact, providing full fault tolerance with no data loss.