What risk stratification would physician supervision be recommended during exercise testing?

Low-risk clients do not require physician supervision for maximal exercise testing per ACSM guidelines, as their probability of an adverse event is very low.

Low-risk clients do not require physician supervision for submaximal testing either, as their risk profile does not warrant medical oversight.

Moderate-risk clients require physician supervision only during maximal exercise testing, not submaximal testing, making this an incorrect threshold for mandatory physician presence.

High-risk clients - those with known or symptomatic cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease - require physician supervision for all exercise testing, including submaximal protocols, because even low-intensity exertion carries meaningful risk in this population. ACSM guidelines mandate this oversight to ensure safe monitoring and immediate response capability during testing.