Which of the following is a document that contains detailed information about actions that include how something will be done, when the actions will be performed, and penalties for failure?

An MOU (Memorandum of Understanding) is a non-binding agreement outlining general intent and cooperation but typically lacks the specific performance details, precise timelines, and explicit penalties for failure found in a formal service contract.

An ISA (Interconnection Security Agreement) specifically addresses the security requirements and responsibilities for connecting two or more IT systems, focusing on data protection and access control, rather than general service performance metrics, timelines, or penalties for overall service delivery.

A BPA (Blanket Purchase Agreement) is a simplified acquisition method used for recurring purchases of supplies or services under pre-negotiated terms and prices, but it does not detail service delivery methods, specific timelines, or penalties for service non-performance in the comprehensive way an SLA does.

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contractual document that precisely defines the specific services to be provided by a vendor or internal department, outlining the performance metrics, responsibilities of both parties, and crucially, details such as 'how' the service will be delivered, 'when' actions will be performed, and the 'penalties' or remedies for failing to meet the specified service levels. This direct alignment with the question's description makes SLA the correct answer.