Using proximity card readers instead of the traditional key punch doors would help to mitigate:

Impersonation involves pretending to be an authorized user, which proximity cards alone do not prevent since a stolen card can still be used.

Tailgating occurs when an unauthorized person follows an authorized one through a controlled door, and proximity cards do not inherently prevent someone from following closely behind.

Dumpster diving involves retrieving discarded physical documents or media and is unrelated to the door access method used.

Shoulder surfing is the attack where an observer watches someone enter a PIN or password. Proximity cards replace visible PIN entry with a card tap, so there is no code for an attacker to observe. This directly mitigates the risk of credential theft through visual observation at the door.