Sara, an application developer, implemented error and exception handling alongside input validation. Which of the following does this help prevent?

Buffer overflows occur when an application writes more data to a buffer than it can hold because input size is not validated, allowing an attacker to overwrite adjacent memory and potentially execute arbitrary code. Input validation enforces length and type constraints on all incoming data, while proper error and exception handling ensures that out-of-bounds conditions are caught and handled gracefully rather than allowing memory corruption to propagate.

Pop-up blockers are a browser-level feature that suppresses unwanted browser windows and are entirely unrelated to server-side or application-level coding practices like input validation and exception handling.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is primarily prevented through output encoding and content security policies - while input validation helps reduce attack surface, XSS is an output-context vulnerability distinct from the memory-safety issue of buffer overflows.

Fuzzing is a security testing technique used to discover vulnerabilities by feeding random input to an application - it is a testing methodology that developers use, not something that error handling and input validation prevent.