Controls provide accountability for individuals who are accessing sensitive information. This accountability is accomplished:

Question

Options

• Athrough access control mechanisms that require identification and authentication and
• Bthrough logical or technical controls involving the restriction of access to systems and the
• Cthrough logical or technical controls but not involving the restriction of access to systems
• Dthrough access control mechanisms that do not require identification and authentication

• A
  86% (19)
• B
  5% (1)
• D
  9% (2)

Explanation

Accountability requires that actions can be traced to a specific individual. This is achieved by: (1) Identification - claiming an identity; (2) Authentication - proving that identity; and (3) Audit trails - recording what that authenticated identity did. All three components together create accountability. Without identification and authentication, audit logs cannot be tied to a specific person. Option B describes access restriction but omits the audit trail component. Options C and D are incorrect because they remove required elements (audit trails, or I&A) that are essential to accountability.

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