___________________ is ultimately responsible for security and privacy violations.

While the person committing the violation is directly culpable for their actions, the ultimate organizational responsibility for preventing such violations through policy, training, and controls lies with senior management.

A Security Officer is responsible for implementing and managing security policies and systems, but they report to and are guided by the executive leadership, who hold ultimate responsibility.

The CIO (Chief Information Officer) or CEO (Chief Executive Officer) bears ultimate executive responsibility for an organization's security and privacy posture, as they are accountable for setting strategic direction, allocating resources, and ensuring compliance, even if day-to-day operations are delegated.

OS Software provides security features and controls, but it is a tool; the responsibility for its proper configuration, maintenance, and adherence to security policies lies with the organization's leadership.