Which of the following server types translates FQDNs to IP addresses?

DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses and network configuration parameters to clients but does not perform name resolution or translate FQDNs to IP addresses.

SMTP is a protocol used for transmitting email messages between mail servers and has no role in resolving domain names to IP addresses.

DNS functions as a hierarchical, distributed database that maps human-readable FQDNs such as www.example.com to machine-readable IP addresses through a recursive or iterative query process. When a client needs to connect to a host by name, it sends a query to a DNS resolver, which traverses the DNS hierarchy starting from root servers down to authoritative name servers to return the correct IP address. This name-to-IP translation is the primary function of DNS as defined in RFC 1034 and RFC 1035.

FTP is used for transferring files between a client and server and does not perform DNS name resolution functions.