Which of the following storage technologies makes use of E-ports and F-ports?

FC-AL (Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop) is a specific Fibre Channel topology that uses L-ports (Loop ports), not E-ports or F-ports in the context of an FC fabric.

SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) is a direct-attached storage interface and does not utilize E-ports or F-ports, which are specific to Fibre Channel SANs.

Fibre Channel Protocol (FCP) is the underlying protocol for Fibre Channel Storage Area Networks (SANs), where E-ports (Expansion ports) connect FC switches to each other, and F-ports (Fabric ports) connect host bus adapters (HBAs) or storage devices to FC switches. These port types are fundamental to FCP fabric construction.

SAS (Serial Attached SCSI) is an enterprise storage interface, primarily for direct-attached or shared storage enclosures, and uses SAS ports, not Fibre Channel E-ports or F-ports.