A company wants to deploy an AWS Lambda function that will read and write objects to Amazon S3 bucket. The Lambda function must be connected to the company's VPC. The company must deploy the Lambda fu

A private NAT gateway provides outbound internet access from private subnets and does not enable private communication with AWS services like S3; it violates the 'no internet access' requirement for S3 communication.

Attaching an Elastic IP address is necessary for a public NAT gateway, which provides outbound internet access, directly conflicting with the requirement to block internet access.

A gateway VPC endpoint provides a secure and private connection directly from a VPC to Amazon S3, allowing the Lambda function to access S3 objects without needing to traverse the public internet.

An interface VPC endpoint (powered by AWS PrivateLink) can also be used for private access to Amazon S3, providing a network interface within the private subnets for the Lambda function to connect to S3 without internet access.

Creating a public NAT gateway enables outbound internet access from private subnets, which explicitly violates the requirement that the Lambda function must not be allowed to access the internet.