An internal network penetration test is conducted against a network that is protected by an unknown NAC system In an effort to bypass the NAC restrictions the penetration tester spoofs the MAC…

Network-attached printers are commonly exempted from strict NAC enforcement because they cannot run 802.1X supplicant software or NAC agent clients. Many NAC deployments whitelist printers by MAC address alone, making them ideal impersonation targets - spoofing a printer's MAC and hostname is often sufficient to gain network access without triggering posture checks or certificate validation.

A PoE injector is passive network infrastructure that does not authenticate to the network or hold a network identity that NAC would track.

User workstations typically run NAC agents, have domain certificates, and are subject to posture checks that go beyond MAC and hostname matching.

A wireless router would be treated as network infrastructure subject to its own authentication mechanisms, and impersonating it would likely cause network disruptions rather than grant access.