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PROFESSIONAL-CLOUD-DEVOPS-ENGINEER · Question #12

Your organization recently adopted a container-based workflow for application development. Your team develops numerous applications that are deployed continuously through an automated build pipeline t

The correct answer is D. Enable binary authorization inside the Kubernetes cluster and configure the build pipeline as an. To enforce approvals and prevent unauthorized code deployments in a containerized environment, enable Binary Authorization within the Kubernetes cluster and configure the build pipeline as an attestor.

Submitted by miguelv· Apr 18, 2026Building and implementing CI/CD pipelines for a service

Question

Your organization recently adopted a container-based workflow for application development. Your team develops numerous applications that are deployed continuously through an automated build pipeline to a Kubernetes cluster in the production environment. The security auditor is concerned that developers or operators could circumvent automated testing and push code changes to production without approval. What should you do to enforce approvals?

Options

  • AConfigure the build system with protected branches that require pull request approval.
  • BUse an Admission Controller to verify that incoming requests originate from approved sources.
  • CLeverage Kubernetes Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to restrict access to only approved
  • DEnable binary authorization inside the Kubernetes cluster and configure the build pipeline as an

How the community answered

(40 responses)
  • A
    5% (2)
  • B
    8% (3)
  • C
    15% (6)
  • D
    73% (29)

Why each option

To enforce approvals and prevent unauthorized code deployments in a containerized environment, enable Binary Authorization within the Kubernetes cluster and configure the build pipeline as an attestor.

AConfigure the build system with protected branches that require pull request approval.

Protected branches with pull request approval manage the *source code* merge process, but they do not prevent an operator from manually building and deploying an unapproved image.

BUse an Admission Controller to verify that incoming requests originate from approved sources.

While Admission Controllers can verify requests, 'verifying that incoming requests originate from approved sources' is too generic and doesn't specifically prevent unauthorized *images* from running. Binary Authorization is the specific GCP service for this problem.

CLeverage Kubernetes Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to restrict access to only approved

Kubernetes RBAC restricts *who* can perform actions (like `create deployment`), but it does not prevent an authorized user from deploying an *unapproved container image*. RBAC controls access to resources, not the content of those resources.

DEnable binary authorization inside the Kubernetes cluster and configure the build pipeline as anCorrect

Binary Authorization is a security control that ensures only trusted container images are deployed on GKE by enforcing policies based on attestations. By configuring the build pipeline as an 'attestor' that signs images *only after* successful automated testing and approvals, Binary Authorization can prevent any image lacking the required attestation from being deployed to production.

Concept tested: Container security, supply chain security, Binary Authorization

Source: https://cloud.google.com/binary-authorization/docs/overview

Topics

#Binary Authorization#Kubernetes Security#Deployment Control#CI/CD Pipeline Security

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