A developer is alerted to an issue with a custom Apex trigger that is causing records to be duplicated. What is the most appropriate debugging approach to troubleshoot the issue?

Disabling a trigger in production to troubleshoot is risky as it might lead to data inconsistencies or break other dependent processes, and it doesn't provide insight into *why* the duplication is happening.

The Apex Interactive Debugger is primarily for debugging in sandbox environments with setup configurations and isn't typically used directly on production issues or for an issue like duplication that might be intermittent or require examining transaction logs.

Historical Event logs provide high-level information about events but do not typically offer the granular code execution details needed to debug a specific Apex trigger's internal logic causing data duplication.

Adding `System.debug` statements is a common and highly effective debugging technique in Salesforce, particularly for production issues, allowing developers to log variable values, execution paths, and intermediate results into the debug log, helping to pinpoint exactly where and why the duplication is occurring without interrupting production service.