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NSE4 · Question #365

Which best describe the mechanism of a TCP SYN flood?

The correct answer is D. The attacker starts many connections, but never acknowledges to fully form them. A TCP SYN flood is a denial-of-service attack where an attacker rapidly sends many TCP SYN requests to a target but never completes the handshake, exhausting the target's connection resources.

Submitted by amina.ke· Apr 18, 2026Firewall and Authentication

Question

Which best describe the mechanism of a TCP SYN flood?

Options

  • AThe attacker keeps open many connections with slow data transmission so that other clients
  • BThe attacker sends a packet designed to "sync" with the FortiGate.
  • CThe attacker sends a specially crafted malformed packet, intended to crash the target by
  • DThe attacker starts many connections, but never acknowledges to fully form them.

How the community answered

(28 responses)
  • A
    4% (1)
  • B
    7% (2)
  • C
    4% (1)
  • D
    86% (24)

Why each option

A TCP SYN flood is a denial-of-service attack where an attacker rapidly sends many TCP SYN requests to a target but never completes the handshake, exhausting the target's connection resources.

AThe attacker keeps open many connections with slow data transmission so that other clients

This describes a "slowloris" or similar slow HTTP/connection-based attack, not a SYN flood.

BThe attacker sends a packet designed to "sync" with the FortiGate.

While SYN packets are part of the attack, simply sending one "sync" packet does not constitute a SYN flood; the attack involves a *flood* of unacknowledged SYN packets.

CThe attacker sends a specially crafted malformed packet, intended to crash the target by

Sending a specially crafted malformed packet is characteristic of a malformed packet attack or buffer overflow attempt, not specifically a SYN flood.

DThe attacker starts many connections, but never acknowledges to fully form them.Correct

In a TCP SYN flood, the attacker sends numerous SYN (synchronize) packets to the target server but either uses a spoofed source IP address or deliberately fails to send the final ACK (acknowledgment) packet, leaving the server with many half-open connections that exhaust its connection table and resources.

Concept tested: TCP SYN flood attack mechanism

Source: https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortigate/7.4.0/fortios-handbook/475176/syn-proxy-and-ack-proxy

Topics

#TCP SYN flood#Denial of Service#TCP handshake#Attack mechanisms

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