You're writing a simple Perl script to query an LDAP directory using the Net::LDAP module. Which method would you use to determine if the start_tls() operation was successful?

The `err()` method returns a descriptive error string, which is useful for debugging but not the primary way to programmatically check for success or failure; the numeric code is more reliable.

After performing an LDAP operation like `start_tls()` with the Perl Net::LDAP module, the `code()` method returns the numeric LDAP result code. A code of 0 (LDAP_SUCCESS) indicates the operation was successful, while other codes signify errors.

There is no standard `result()` method in `Net::LDAP` for directly checking general operation success in this manner; operations return an object on which `code()` is called.

The `msg()` method returns the error message (similar to `err()`) associated with the LDAP result, not the success/failure code itself.