Which of the following commands determines the type of a file by using a definition database file which contains information about all common file types?

magic is not a standard Linux command; the magic database is a data file consumed by the file utility, not an executable itself.

type is a shell builtin that reports whether a name is a shell function, builtin, alias, or external command - it does not inspect file content.

The file utility reads a file's content and compares it against the magic database (typically /usr/share/misc/magic or /etc/magic) to determine its type without relying on the file extension. It reports types such as ELF executable, ASCII text, JPEG image, etc., based on these byte-level signatures.

pmagic is not a standard Linux utility; no such command exists for file type identification.

hash is a shell builtin that manages the shell's command-location cache and has nothing to do with identifying file types.