Which of the following commands will print the last 10 lines of a text file to the standard output?

cat -n numbers all lines and outputs the entire file, it does not accept a numeric argument to limit output to a specific number of lines.

dump is a filesystem backup utility and does not accept -n 10 filename syntax for printing file content.

head -n 10 filename prints the first 10 lines of a file, not the last 10.

The tail command is specifically designed to output the last lines of a file. Using tail -n 10 filename instructs the shell to read the file and print only the final 10 lines to standard output, which is exactly the behavior described in the question.