On a system using shadowed passwords, the correct permissions for /etc/passwd are ___ and the correct permissions for /etc/shadow are ___.

rwr,r specifies only three permission characters for /etc/passwd instead of four, producing an incomplete and non-standard permission set.

rwrr,rrr would set /etc/shadow to world-readable (r--r--r--), exposing hashed passwords to all local users and defeating the purpose of shadow passwords entirely.

The rwrr notation represents 644 (rw-r--r--) for /etc/passwd, which all users must be able to read for UID-to-username resolution. The r notation represents 400 (r--------) for /etc/shadow, restricting hashed password access to root only - this separation is the entire security purpose of the shadow password scheme.

rwrrw,rr adds group-write on /etc/passwd and makes /etc/shadow group-readable, both of which are insecure and non-standard.

rw,r sets /etc/passwd to 600 (rw-------), removing world-read access that system utilities rely on for user and group name resolution.