Which of the following should the permission settings be for /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow?

The /etc/passwd file requires `-rw-r--r--` (octal 644) permissions, allowing the owner (root) to read/write, and other users to read it, which is necessary for many system utilities. The /etc/shadow file, containing sensitive password hashes, must have `-r--------` (octal 400) permissions, restricting read access exclusively to the root user for security.

This option incorrectly restricts /etc/passwd to root-only read, which breaks common system functionality, and grants too much read/write access to /etc/shadow.

This option grants read and write access to /etc/shadow to all users, which is a severe security vulnerability.

This option restricts /etc/passwd to root-only read, which would prevent many services and users from functioning correctly, and provides correct but incomplete permissions for shadow.