Which class-of-service component allows you to define the bandwidth allocated to different traffic types?

Classification identifies and categorizes traffic, but it does not allocate bandwidth.

Rewrite marking modifies CoS bits in packet headers, but it does not directly define bandwidth allocation.

Scheduling is the CoS component that defines how bandwidth is allocated and distributed among different forwarding classes or queues. Schedulers determine the rate at which packets are transmitted from queues, allowing administrators to guarantee minimum bandwidth, set maximum bandwidth, and specify priority for various traffic types.

Queuing is where packets are buffered, and while it interacts with scheduling, queuing itself does not define the bandwidth allocation; the scheduler performs that function.