Was known for identifying anthrax.

Robert Koch identified Bacillus anthracis as the causative agent of anthrax in 1876 and developed Koch's Postulates, a systematic set of criteria for linking specific microbes to specific diseases. This work established him as a founding figure of modern bacteriology.

Edward Jenner is known for pioneering the smallpox vaccine in 1796, not for identifying the anthrax bacterium.

Louis Pasteur developed germ theory and created vaccines for cholera and rabies, but the identification of the anthrax bacillus is specifically attributed to Koch.