In the direct forwarding mode of side-by-side networking, which of the following descriptions of WLAN HA technologies is wrong? (Multiple choice)

Question

Options

• AThe CAPWAP link-break service retention feature enables online users to forward data packets
• BThe AP allows new users to access after CAPWAP is disconnected, and the feature is also valid
• CThe AC dual-link cold backup feature can achieve 50ms carrier-level protection switching
• DHSB+VRRP hot standby can achieve two high reliability mechanisms: active-standby mode and

• A
  15% (2)
• B
  85% (11)

Explanation

Options B, C, and D each misrepresent how specific WLAN HA technologies behave in direct forwarding mode. B is wrong because the CAPWAP link-break service retention feature only preserves sessions for already-connected users - new users cannot associate or authenticate while CAPWAP is down, since that process requires an active AC connection. C is wrong because cold backup (dual-link cold backup) cannot achieve 50ms carrier-level protection switching; that sub-50ms failover performance belongs to hot standby (HSB) solutions where state is pre-synchronized - cold backup has significantly longer recovery times (often seconds). D is wrong because HSB+VRRP hot standby provides a single active-standby (1+1) protection mechanism, not two distinct high-reliability mechanisms as implied by the statement.

Option A is the only correct description: in direct forwarding mode, when the CAPWAP tunnel breaks, existing online users can still forward data because their traffic goes directly from AP to the network - they don't depend on the AC for each packet.

Memory tip: Use two mnemonics - "COLD = SLOW" (cold backup cannot hit sub-100ms switching) and "New users need the AC" (only existing sessions survive a CAPWAP break, never new ones).

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