What types of routing protocols does the HWMP protocol support? (Multiple choice)

Question

Options

• Apro-active
• BOSPF
• Con-demand
• DIGRP

• A
  80% (16)
• B
  10% (2)
• D
  10% (2)

Explanation

HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol), defined in IEEE 802.11s for wireless mesh networks, earns its "Hybrid" name precisely because it combines pro-active and on-demand routing in a single protocol - making A and C correct. In pro-active mode, a root mesh point pre-builds a forwarding tree to all nodes before traffic is needed; in on-demand mode, routes are discovered only when a source needs to reach a destination (similar to AODV). OSPF (B) is a link-state protocol for wired IP networks - a separate protocol entirely, not a mode of HWMP. IGRP (D) is a legacy Cisco-proprietary distance-vector protocol also designed for wired networks, with no relationship to HWMP.

Memory tip: The H in HWMP = Hybrid - it blends the two main routing philosophies: plan ahead (pro-active) and discover when needed (on-demand). If an answer choice names a wired routing protocol like OSPF or IGRP in the context of HWMP, it's always a distractor.

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