Maria has been recently appointed as a Network Administrator in Gentech Inc. She has been tasked to perform network security testing to find out the vulnerabilities and shortcomings of the present…

Black-box testing is a network security testing approach where the tester has no prior knowledge of the internal network architecture, configurations, or systems, simulating a real-world external attacker scenario. This is the appropriate methodology for identifying vulnerabilities exploitable from outside the organization without internal bias. Maria, as a recently appointed administrator with limited familiarity, would apply this approach to objectively evaluate the network's external security posture.

White-box testing provides the tester with full knowledge of the network including architecture and source code, which is used for thorough internal audits rather than simulating external threats.

Unit testing is a software development practice for testing individual code components in isolation and is not a recognized network security testing methodology.

Gray-box testing involves partial knowledge of the network environment and represents a middle ground between black-box and white-box, typically used when some internal information is deliberately shared with the tester.