Which of the following is a term that refers to unsolicited e-mails sent to a large number of e-mail users?

A hotfix is a targeted software patch released to correct a specific bug or security vulnerability in an application or operating system, unrelated to email.

Spam refers to unsolicited commercial or bulk email sent indiscriminately to large numbers of users. It is a core concept in email security and network administration, commonly mitigated through spam filters, blacklists, and anti-spam policies enforced at the mail server level.

Biometrics is an authentication method that uses unique physical or behavioral characteristics - such as fingerprints or iris scans - to verify identity.

A buffer overflow is a software vulnerability where a program writes data beyond the allocated memory buffer boundary, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution - it has no relation to email distribution.