An attacker compromises a user account on a Linux host. Running "sudo -l" gives the output shown in the screenshot. Which of the following commands would the attacker run next to continue the attack a

ps -efw lists running processes with full details and serves as a reconnaissance command, not a privilege escalation technique.

last -f /var/log/btmp displays failed login attempts and is used for log analysis, not for gaining elevated shell access.

If sudo -l reveals the user can run gdb as root, 'sudo gdb -q' launches gdb with elevated privileges. Once inside gdb, typing 'shell' invokes an interactive shell inheriting root permissions, effectively bypassing privilege restrictions. This is a documented GTFOBins privilege escalation technique that exploits debuggers permitted in the sudoers configuration.

'shell' is a subcommand typed inside an already-running gdb session and cannot be executed as a standalone terminal command.