Which tcpdump command will open the capture.dmp pcap file and display the ASCII output of traffic going to and from 192.168.122.12?

Although -r correctly reads from a file, the 'src' filter only matches traffic originating from the specified IP and misses traffic destined to it.

The -i flag designates a live capture interface, not a file path - specifying a pcap filename with -i will fail because it is not a valid interface name.

The -r flag tells tcpdump to read packets from a saved capture file rather than a live network interface. The -A flag prints each packet's payload in ASCII, which is useful for inspecting plain-text protocols. Using 'host 192.168.122.12' as the BPF filter matches all packets both sourced from and destined to that address, satisfying the bidirectional requirement.

Using -i instead of -r attempts to treat the capture file as a live interface name, which is incorrect syntax for reading saved pcap captures.