In which of the following scanning methods do Windows operating systems send only RST packets irrespective of whether the port is open or closed?

In TCP FIN scanning, RFC 793-compliant systems (Unix/Linux) silently drop FIN packets sent to open ports, allowing port state inference. However, Windows does not follow this behavior and responds with RST packets for both open and closed ports, making FIN scans unable to distinguish port states on Windows hosts. This OS-specific deviation is a well-documented limitation of FIN scanning against Windows targets.

FTP bounce scanning exploits the FTP PORT command to proxy scan requests through an FTP server and is unrelated to RST packet behavior.

XMAS scanning sets FIN, URG, and PSH flags simultaneously; while Windows also sends RST in this case, the question specifically describes FIN scan behavior.

TCP SYN scanning expects SYN-ACK for open ports and RST for closed ports across all operating systems, and is not the scenario described.