Which of the following steps can be taken as countermeasures against sniffer attacks? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

Encrypting all communications with protocols such as TLS or SSH ensures that even if a sniffer captures packets, the payload data remains unreadable without the decryption keys, neutralizing the threat at the data confidentiality level.

Switches forward frames only to the specific port of the intended recipient based on MAC addresses, unlike hubs which broadcast all traffic to every connected port, drastically reducing the data visible to any potential sniffer on the network.

StackGuard and Immunix System are memory protection tools designed to detect and prevent buffer overflow exploits, not countermeasures against packet sniffing on a network.

Reducing the wireless signal range may limit physical access to the airspace but does not prevent sniffing by anyone already within range and provides no protection against sniffing on wired network segments.