John works as a professional Ethical Hacker. He has been assigned the project of testing the pre- attack phase: l Information gathering l Determining network range l Identifying active machines l…

Ettercap is a man-in-the-middle and network sniffing/interception tool primarily used for ARP poisoning and credential capture, not for network topology mapping.

Traceroute reveals the hop-by-hop path packets travel across a network, identifying routers and network segments, which directly supports network range determination and topology mapping.

Cheops is a network management and mapping tool that discovers hosts, displays OS types, and renders a visual network topology, making it a direct network mapping solution.

NeoTrace provides visual traceroute functionality with geographic and node-detail overlays, enabling an attacker or tester to map the network path and identify intermediate devices.