Which two technologies should research groups use for secure VPN access while traveling? (Click the Exhibit button on the toolbar to see the case study.) Each correct answer represents a complete…

SSL is a transport-layer encryption protocol and while SSL VPNs exist, the context of this question identifies PPTP as the designated VPN tunneling technology, making SSL redundant or incorrect here.

PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) creates an encrypted tunnel across the internet, allowing traveling users to securely connect to the corporate network as a full VPN solution.

EFS (Encrypting File System) encrypts files at rest on local NTFS volumes and has no role in establishing or securing a VPN connection.

Kerberos is a ticket-based authentication protocol designed for use within domain environments and does not itself provide VPN tunneling capability or secure mobile remote access.

Smart cards implement hardware-based two-factor authentication by requiring both physical card possession and a PIN, substantially hardening VPN login security against credential theft on untrusted networks.