Which of the following refers to the ability to ensure that the data is not modified or tampered with?

Integrity is the security principle specifically focused on ensuring data accuracy and trustworthiness - it guarantees that information remains unaltered in transit or at rest, and is commonly enforced through hashing, digital signatures, and checksums.

Availability ensures that systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed, addressing uptime and reliability rather than data modification.

Non-repudiation ensures that a party cannot deny having sent or received data, focusing on accountability and proof of action rather than preventing data modification.

Confidentiality ensures that data is accessible only to authorized individuals, addressing unauthorized disclosure rather than unauthorized modification.