What is the name of the group of blocks which contains information used by the operating system in Linux system?

Logblock is not a recognized Linux filesystem structure - system logs are managed by the kernel and daemons, not a special block type.

Systemblock is not a valid term in Linux filesystem architecture.

Bootblock refers to the area of disk used during the boot process (e.g., MBR), not a structure used by the OS to manage filesystem information.

The superblock is a special block in Linux ext-family filesystems that contains essential filesystem metadata such as total block count, free block count, block size, filesystem state, and mount information. The operating system reads the superblock at mount time to understand the layout and health of the filesystem. Without a valid superblock, the OS cannot access or manage the filesystem.