Which of the following information types would cause the GREATEST loss of value to an organization if encrypted by a ransomware attack?

Employee emergency contacts are sensitive personal information, but their loss or encryption typically does not impact an organization's core business value as severely as research data.

A research projects database often contains an organization's core intellectual property, future product development, and confidential innovations. Its encryption by ransomware would halt critical operations and compromise competitive advantage, leading to an extremely high loss of value.

User login history is important for auditing and security, but its encryption usually does not result in the same strategic or monetary loss as the compromise of proprietary research.

An advertising material archive, while useful, generally consists of public or easily recreatable content, making its encryption less impactful than the loss of unreleased research.