A systems administrator downloads an update for a critical system. Before installing the update, the administrator runs a hash of the download and ensures the results match the published hash for the

Confidentiality concerns deal with protecting information from unauthorized access, not ensuring the accuracy or unalteration of a file.

Accounting (or accountability) concerns relate to tracking user actions and auditing, not verifying the state of a file after download.

Hashing a downloaded file and comparing its hash value to a publicly provided one verifies the integrity of the file. This process ensures that the file has not been tampered with, corrupted, or maliciously altered during download or storage, confirming that it is exactly the same as the original source file.

Availability concerns ensure that systems and data are accessible to authorized users when needed, which is not what hashing a file addresses.