Which of the following data sampling methods involves dividing a population into subgroups by similar characteristics?

Systematic sampling involves selecting samples at regular intervals from a list or ordered population, not by dividing into subgroups with similar characteristics.

Simple random sampling involves selecting individuals from the population purely by chance, where every individual has an equal probability of being chosen, without forming subgroups.

Convenience sampling involves selecting participants who are readily available or easy to reach, which is a non-probability sampling method and does not involve systematic division into subgroups.

Stratified sampling involves dividing the entire population into several homogeneous subgroups, or "strata," based on shared characteristics relevant to the study. A random sample is then drawn from each stratum, ensuring representation from all identified subgroups and often reducing sampling error.