A large law firm is migrating all of its systems to the cloud to meet growing business needs. The firm wants to reduce IT staff while maintaining day-to-day operations, such as user provisioning, fold

Server certificates authenticate the server to the client, ensuring the client connects to the legitimate server, but do not provide proof of a user's actions for non-repudiation.

Client-to-site VPNs provide a secure, authenticated, and encrypted tunnel for a user's device to connect to the cloud environment. This setup allows for logging and auditing of the specific client's IP and connection, making it much harder for a user to deny having performed an action, thus ensuring non-repudiation for actions originating from that client over the VPN.

Two-factor authentication verifies a user's identity during login, but it doesn't inherently log or secure the connection in a way that provides non-repudiation for specific actions performed after authentication.

Single sign-on (SSO) simplifies user access by allowing one set of credentials for multiple services, but it does not inherently provide non-repudiation for specific user actions once logged in.