A company is using storage-as-a-service from an IaaS provider for application services. The company has a mandate to protect personal information being stored on the cloud. The service provided includ

Data tokenization replaces sensitive data with a non-sensitive equivalent but is typically used for specific data fields rather than a general solution for all data-at-rest encryption.

Hardware-based encryption is a method of encryption, but it does not address the crucial aspect of managing the encryption keys, which is a separate and vital security concern.

Centralized key management ensures that the encryption keys used to protect data-at-rest are securely generated, stored, and managed, providing a robust security solution and maintaining control over sensitive personal information even when using a third-party storage service. This approach is essential for compliance and data sovereignty, as it allows the company to control who can access the encrypted data.

Database-embedded encryption is specific to data within a database and does not provide a comprehensive solution for all personal information stored at rest across various storage services.