Which of the following is a common characteristic of privacy?

Audit trails of data access are a security control related to accountability and monitoring, not a defining characteristic of privacy itself, though they may support privacy compliance.

Notice to the data subject is a universally recognized core principle of privacy, appearing in frameworks such as OECD Privacy Guidelines, GDPR, and FTC Fair Information Practice Principles. It requires that individuals be informed about the existence of databases containing their personal information, the purpose of collection, and how it will be used. This transparency principle is considered foundational because privacy rights cannot be exercised if individuals are unaware their data is being processed.

While the right to inspect and correct personal data (data subject access rights) exists in some privacy regulations, requiring on-site inspection is an overly specific and non-standard implementation not representative of a common privacy characteristic.

Database integration requirements for privacy data describe a technical or architectural concern, not a fundamental principle or common characteristic of privacy as defined in recognized privacy frameworks.