Individual access to a network is BEST determined based on

A risk matrix is a tool used to evaluate and prioritize risks, not to make individual access decisions for specific users or accounts.

The value of data informs classification and protection strategies, but by itself does not determine who specifically should be granted access to a network resource.

Business need is the foundational principle behind least-privilege access control; access rights are granted based on what a user must do to fulfill their role, ensuring no excess permissions are assigned. This aligns with the 'need-to-know' and 'least privilege' security principles, which tie access directly to job function rather than technical or risk factors alone. Basing access on business need ensures accountability and minimizes the attack surface by limiting unnecessary entitlements.

Data classification helps define security controls and handling requirements for data categories, but individual access decisions must still be tied to a user's specific business need rather than classification alone.