In Federated Identity Management (FIM), which of the following represents the concept of federation?

A collection of information logically grouped into a single entity describes an identity object or directory entry, not the concept of federation itself.

Collection, maintenance, and deactivation of user objects and attributes describes Identity Lifecycle Management (ILM) or provisioning processes, not federation.

Collection of information for common identities in a system describes a directory service or identity repository, not the trust-based domain relationship that defines federation.

Federation is defined as a collection of domains that have established trust among themselves, enabling cross-domain authentication and authorization. This trust relationship allows an identity asserted by one domain (the identity provider) to be accepted by other domains (service providers) without requiring separate credentials, which is the core principle of FIM.